Everything about The Romanian War Of Independence totally explained
The
Romanian War of Independence was fought in 1877 against the
Ottoman Empire.
On,
Romania and the
Russian Empire signed at
Bucharest a treaty under which Russian troops were allowed to pass through Romanian territory, with the condition that Russia respect the integrity of Romania. The mobilization began, and about 120,000 soldiers were massed in the south of the country to defend against an eventual attack of the Ottoman forces from south of the
Danube. On, Russia
declared war to the Ottoman Empire and its troops entered Romania.
Overview
On, in the Romanian parliament,
Mihail Kogălniceanu declared the independence of Romania as the will of the Romanian people. A day later, the act was signed by Prince
Carol I. The next day, the Romanian government canceled paying
tribute to Turkey (914,000
lei), and the sum was given instead to the War Minister.
Initially, Russia didn't wish to cooperate with Romania, since they didn't wish Romania to participate in the peace treaties after the war, but the Russians encountered a very strong Turkish army of 50,000 soldiers led by
Osman Pasha at the
Siege of Pleven (
Plevna).
War
Due to great losses,
Nikolai Konstantinovich, Grand Duke of Russia asked Carol I for the
Romanian Army to intervene and fuse with the
Russian Army.
Carol I accepted the Duke's proposal, and became the commander of the Romanian and marshal of the Russian troops, of which the combined forces had conquered Plevna after heavy fighting. The Romanian Army won the battles of
Griviţa and
Rahova, and on
28 November 1877 the
Plevna citadel capitulated, and
Osman Pasha surrendered the city, the garrison and his sword to the Romanian Colonel Mihail Cerchez. After the occupation of Plevna, the Romanian Army returned to the Danube and won the battles of
Vidin and
Smârdan. On
19 January 1878, the Ottoman Empire requested an armistice, which was accepted by Russia and Romania. Romania won the war, having suffered about 10,000 casualties. Its independence was finally recognised by the Central Powers on
13 July 1878.
Aftermath
The
peace treaty between Russia and the Ottoman Empire was signed in
San Stefano, on
3rd March 1878. Russia didn't keep its promises of the
4 April 1877 treaty (signed by Russian consul
Stuart Dimitri and Romanian prime minister Mihail Kogălniceanu) to respect Romania's territorial integrity. However, the treaty wasn't recognised by the
Central Powers and the 1878 peace conference in
Berlin decided that Russia would give Romania its independence, the territories of
Dobrogea, the
Danube Delta, and
Snake Island (Insula Şerpilor), but Russia would occupy the southern counties of
Bessarabia (
Cahul,
Bolgrad and
Ismail), which by the
Treaty of Paris of 1856 (after the
Crimean War) were included in
Moldavia.
Gallery
Image:2006 0528MuzeuldeIStorieCapitularealuiOsman.jpg|Romanian plate commemorating victory at Pleven
Image:Ahmed PASA Sword Romanian Capture from Plevna.jpg|Ahmed Pasha's sword: Romanian capture from Pleven
Image:Carol russian Marshal field insignia.jpg|At upper right is Carol I's insignia as a Russian Field Marshal
Image:First Canon Fire.jpg|First Cannon Fire
Image:Razboiul Independentei - Trecerea Dunarii.jpg|Crossing the Danube
Image:Primirea lui Carol I in Bulgaria.jpg|Carol I is welcomed in Bulgaria
Image:Smardan 1877.jpg|King Carol I at Smârdan
Image:Lupta de la podul Skit.jpg|Battle at Skit bridge
Image:RomIndependenceWar1877-1.jpg|Color engraving from 1878
Image:RomIndependenceWar1877-2.jpg|Color engraving from 1878
Image:RomIndependenceWar1877-3.jpg|Color engraving from 1878
Image:RomIndependenceWar1877-4.jpg|Color engraving from 1878
Image:Capturarea Plevnei.jpg|Capturing Pleven
Image:Plevna battle 1877.jpg|Battle for Pleven
Image:Plevna diorama 1.jpg|Pleven Diorama
Image:Plevna diorama 2.jpg|Pleven Diorama
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